Abstract
Structural studies and mechanical tests of additively manufactured samples from AISI 321 steel copper C110000 have been carried out. Mechanical tensile tests of 321 steel show slight differences in the ultimate tensile strength (up to 3-4%) and ductility (up to 10%) of test coupons tested along the material growth direction and along the layer deposition direction. The strength of C11000 copper samples is 9.4% higher in the layer deposition direction, but their ductility is 15.4% lower than that of samples deformed in the growth direction. The strain relief on the surface of the polished gage section of the steel test coupons demonstrates changes in the material structure with small elongated grains along the growth direction of the sample. The deformation relief of copper samples is mainly related to the deformation of large columnar grains stretched in the growth direction.
Highlights
It is known that the process of plastic deformation in the loaded metals and alloys produced by the conventional crystallization from the melt is not homogeneous, and is accompanied by the appearance of localized plastic deformation, the formation of necks [1], Chernov-Lüders bands [2,3], rotation of individual crystal fragments [4], etc
The microstructure of copper samples, in contrast to steel ones, is represented by large columnar grains stretched along the sample growth direction
In the present work, the samples from steel 321 and copper C11000 produced by electron-beam additive manufacturing (EBAM) method have low differences in mechanical properties during plastic deformation, which is confirmed by tensile diagrams
Summary
It is known that the process of plastic deformation in the loaded metals and alloys produced by the conventional crystallization from the melt is not homogeneous, and is accompanied by the appearance of localized plastic deformation, the formation of necks [1], Chernov-Lüders bands [2,3], rotation of individual crystal fragments [4], etc. Additive manufacturing, which known as the metal 3D-printing, are being actively developed This is confirmed by a large number of scientific papers on the selective laser melting of a powder metal (SLM) [5,6], electron-beam additive manufacturing (EBAM) [7], and others. Since 3D printing of metals has a potential to partially replace conventional manufacturing methods, there is a problem of the influence of new manufacturing processes on both the strength and performance properties of metals and alloys under conditions of different stress-strain state schemes. Due to the rather complex elongated structure directed towards the sample growth, in materials produced using the wire-feed electron-beam additive technology, mechanical properties will have a certain dependence on the direction of the stress application relative to the direction of the structural components distribution
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