Deformation of lamellar γ-TiAl below the general yield stress

Abstract

The occurrence of plasticity below the macroscopic yield stress during tensile monotonic loading of nearly lamellar Ti-45Al-2Nb-2Mn(at%)-0.8 vol% TiB2 at both 25 °C and 700 °C, and in two conditions of lamellar thickness, was measured by digital image correlation strain mapping of a remodelled Au surface speckle pattern. Such initial plasticity, not necessarily related to the presence of common stress concentrators such as hard particles or cracks, could occur at applied stresses as low as 64% of the general yield stress. For a same applied strain it was more prominent at room temperature, and located as slip and twinning parallel to, and near to or at (respect.) lamellar interfaces of all types in soft mode-oriented colonies. These stretched the full colony width and the shear strain was most intense in the centre of the colonies. Further, the most highly operative microbands of plasticity at specimen fracture were not those most active prior to yielding. The strain mapping results from polycrystalline tensile loading were further compared to those from microcompression testing of soft-mode stacks of lamellae milled from single colonies performed at the same temperatures. Combined with post-mortem transmission electron microscopy of the pillars, the initial plasticity by longitudinal dislocation glide was found to locate within 30–50 nm of the lamellar interfaces, and not at the interfaces themselves. The highly localised plasticity that precedes high cycle fatigue failure is therefore inherently related to the lamellar structure, which predetermines the locations of plastic strain accumulation, even in a single loading cycle.