Deformation-induced Martensitic Transformation and Workhardening of Type 304 Stainless Steel Sheet During Draw-bending

Abstract

Deformation-induced martensitic transformation and workhardening behavior in draw bending process was investigated, on a Type 304 stainless steel sheet, in comparison with that in uniaxial tension experiment. The Vickers hardness of the draw-bent sheet at the surface is much larger than that at the mid-plane, and it becomes remarkably larger with increasing blank holder force. The significant increase of hardness in the deformed sheet is due to α’-martensitic transformation. The volume fraction of α’-martensite in the draw-bent sheet is smaller than that in the uniaxially pulled sheet with the same plastic strain. In uniaxial tension the sheet is plastically deformed in one direction monotonically, but in contrast, in draw-bending tension-to-compression (i.e., bending-to-unbending) deformation takes place when the sheet is drawn over the die-corner. The difference in the evolution of the martensite between draw-bending and uniaxial tension is explained from such a difference in deformation mode.