Abstract
The Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake of 1995 has left traces of its intense seismic motion in granular soils at various places in Kobe, and these signs are found to be somehow correlated with the features of the disaster at those places. Strong ground shaking was responsible for a number of slope failures. Considerable displacements seem to have been built up even within nearly flat sandy soil deposits, a fact proven by the data regarding dislocated rings of manholes. Thus the importance of studying behaviours of granular soil experiencing this large strain emerges from the findings obtained through the investigation. Irreversible deformation of a granular material is mainly due to a change in its fabric. This process is accompanied by noticeable dilation, through which a certain amount of energy is consumed. It is therefore noted that ground velocity as well as acceleration is another important key which provides a stability index. On the basis of findings through experiments using a new visualisation technique, Laser-Aided Tomography (LAT), a simple approach for evaluating granular soil deformation built up during intense ground shaking is discussed.
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