Abstract
Recently, to further improve the performance of aluminum foam, functionally graded (FG) aluminum foams, whose pore structure varies with their position, have been developed. In this study, three types of FG aluminum foam of aluminum alloy die casting ADC12 with combinations of two different amounts of added blowing agent titanium(II) hydride (TiH2) powder were fabricated by a friction stir welding (FSW) route precursor foaming method. The combinations of 1.0–0 mass %, 0.4–0 mass %, and 0.2–0 mass % TiH2 were selected as the amounts of TiH2 relative to the mass of the volume stirred by FSW. The static compression tests of the fabricated FG aluminum foams were carried out. The deformation and fracture of FG aluminum foams fundamentally started in the high-porosity (with TiH2 addition) layer and shifted to the low-porosity (without TiH2 addition) layer. The first and second plateau regions in the relationship between compressive stress and strain independently appeared with the occurrence of deformations and fractures in the high- and low-porosity layers. It was shown that FG aluminum foams, whose plateau region varies in steps by the combination of amounts of added TiH2 (i.e., the combination of pore structures), can be fabricated.
Highlights
Aluminum foam has various advantages, such as very light weight and good energy and vibration absorption properties, and is expected to be used as a multifunctional material practically in various industrial fields [1–4]
To further improve the performance of aluminum foam, functionally graded (FG) aluminum foams, which consist of several foam layers with different pore structures, have been developed in various studies [5–10]
Materials 2015, 8, 7161–7168 Materials 2015, 8, page–page pstrroupceturtrieess acnodrraelslpooyncdoimngpotositeioanchs [f1o3a–m16l]a. yIneradapdpiteioanre,dit iwndasepshenowdenntthlyatinthtehceomcopmrepsrseisvseiopnrotpesetrstioesf FcoGrraelsupmoinnduimngftooameasch[1f4o,a1m5].layer appeared independently in the compression tests of FG aluminum foamIsn[1th4i,s15s]t.udy, using aluminum alloy die casting ADC12 as a starting material, we attempted to fabricIantethtihsrseteudtyyp, eussionfgFaGlumaluinmuimnuamllofyoadmie wcaisthtincgomAbDiCna1t2ioanss aofstatwrtoingdimffearteenritalp,owree sattrtuecmtuprteesd
Summary
Aluminum foam has various advantages, such as very light weight and good energy and vibration absorption properties, and is expected to be used as a multifunctional material practically in various industrial fields [1–4]. To further improve the performance of aluminum foam, functionally graded (FG) aluminum foams, which consist of several foam layers with different pore structures (i.e., with different porosities and pore sizes), have been developed in various studies [5–10] These studies mainly dealt with the methods of fabricating FG aluminum foams and there are few studies on the compressive properties of FG aluminum foams. Materials 2015, 8, 7161–7168 effect of the high-porosity layer with 0.2 mass % TiH2, and this plateau region transformed into the second plateau region gradually. Pores with areas of less than 0.3 mm[2] were whereexcAluidsedthoewainregatooftheearcehsopluotrieo.n oInf ththeeXe‐rvaayluCaTtiiomnasg,eps.oArelssow, thitehaavreeraagseoefqlueisvsaltehnatndi0a.m3 emtemr d2m were was calculated as the average d value on each cross‐section This image processing was carried out excluudseindgoimwaingge‐ptorotcheessrinesgosloufttiwoanreo(fWthineRXO-rOaFy, MCTitainmi aCgoerps.orAatlisoon,,tFhuekauvi,eJraapgaen)e. This image processing was carried out using image-processing software (WinROOF, Mitani Corporation, Fukui, Japan)
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