Abstract
1. The results show that the elastic stress-strain state of the material has a controlling effect on the processes of deformation and fracture of diamond in the penetration of the diamond pyramid. Analysis of the dimensions and form of the experimentally measured residual indentation and of the calculated elastic contact area shows that the resistance of the diamond to the penetration of the indentor is mainly elastic. The processes of plastic deformation leading to the formation of the residual indentation visible on the surface are of secondary importance. 2. The formation of the cracks around the pyramidal indentor is in qualitative (and satisfactory quantitative) agreement with the processes of formation of Hertzian cracks during penetration of the sphere. The existence of the critical load of formation of circular cracks shows the strong scale dependence of the fracture stresses of diamond which is identical with that described by Averbach's law in penetration of the sphere.
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