Abstract
The deformation and flow of disordered solids, such as metallic glasses and concentrated emulsions, involves swift localized rearrangements of particles that induce a long-range deformation field. To describe these heterogeneous processes, elastoplastic models handle the material as a collection of 'mesoscopic' blocks alternating between an elastic behavior and plastic relaxation, when they are too loaded. Plastic relaxation events redistribute stresses in the system in a very anisotropic way. We review not only the physical insight provided by these models into practical issues such as strain localization, creep and steady-state rheology, but also the fundamental questions that they address with respect to criticality at the yielding point and the statistics of avalanches of plastic events. Furthermore, we discuss connections with concurrent mean-field approaches and with related problems such as the plasticity of crystals and the depinning of an elastic line.
Highlights
The deformation and flow of disordered solids, such as metallic glasses and concentrated emulsions, involves swift localized rearrangements of particles that induce a long-range deformation field
We review the physical insight provided by these models into practical issues such as strain localization, creep and steady-state rheology, and the fundamental questions that they address with respect to criticality at the yielding point and the statistics of avalanches of plastic events
What controls the dynamics of amorphous solids? Another distinction regards the nature of the excitations that can alter the structural configuration of the system
Summary
19th-century French Chef Marie-Antoine Careme (1842) claims that ‘mayonnaise’ comes from the French verb ‘manier ’ (‘to handle’), because of the continuous whipping that is required to make the mixture of egg yolk, oil, and vinegar thicken. Similar materials, sharing solid and liquid properties, pervade our kitchens and fridges: Chantilly cream, heaps of soya grains or rice are but a couple of examples They abound on our bathroom shelves (shaving foam, tooth paste, hair gel), and in the outside world (sand heaps, clay, wet concrete), see Fig. 1 for further examples. At the interface between these approaches, “elastoplastic” models (EPM) consider an assembly of mesoscopic material volumes that alternate between an elastic regime and plastic relaxation, and interact among themselves As simple models, they aim to describe a general phenomenology for all amorphous materials, but they may include enough physical parameters to address material particularities, in view of potential applications.
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