Deformation and Failure Properties of High-Ni Lithium-Ion Battery under Axial Loads.

Genwei Wang,Juanjuan Wu,Meng Li,Hui Song,Bin Wang,Shu Zhang

doi:10.3390/ma14247844

Genwei Wang, Juanjuan Wu + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14247844

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Abstract

To explore the failure modes of high-Ni batteries under different axial loads, quasi-static compression and dynamic impact tests were carried out. The characteristics of voltage, load, and temperature of a battery cell with different states of charge (SOCs) were investigated in quasi-static tests. The mechanical response and safety performance of lithium-ion batteries subjected to axial shock wave impact load were also investigated by using a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) system. Different failure modes of the battery were identified. Under quasi-static axial compression, the intensity of thermal runaway becomes more severe with the increase in SOC and loading speed, and the time for lithium-ion batteries to reach complete failure decreases with the increase in SOC. In comparison, under dynamic SHPB experiments, an internal short circuit occurred after impact, but no violent thermal runaway was observed.

Highlights

With the aim to reduce CO2 release, EV technology and EV market demand have both experienced vigorous developments to replace vehicles driven by internal combustion engines (ICEs) [1]
Safety accidents of lithium-ion batteries characterized by thermal runaway occur from time to time, undermining the public’s confidence in electric vehicles [2,3]
This paper presents an experimental study on the mechanical and safety properties of high-nickel batteries under both static and dynamic axial load experiments

Summary

Introduction

With the aim to reduce CO2 release, EV technology and EV market demand have both experienced vigorous developments to replace vehicles driven by internal combustion engines (ICEs) [1]. Among the several mainstream commercial batteries available on the market, lithium-ion batteries are favored by the EV industry due to their high energy density, good cycling performance, and lack of memory effect. Safety accidents of lithium-ion batteries characterized by thermal runaway occur from time to time, undermining the public’s confidence in electric vehicles [2,3]. Lithium-ion batteries with lithium iron phosphate and ternary materials (mainly NCA and NCM as cathode materials) are extensively used in EVs [4] for high energy density. In many EV accidents, fires originate from the destruction of battery cells’ structural integrity, often caused by mechanical damage during vehicle operations, leading to violent thermal runaway [7]

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