Defluoridation of Groundwater by Different Biomaterial and Geomaterials: A Review

Abstract

Abstract: Fluoride (F-), the 13th most common chemical in the earth's crust, is widely known for its health benefits at low concentrations but is a public health threat to many drugs. Fluoride is one of the anionic toxins which is found in overabundance in groundwater because of geochemical response or anthropogenic exercises. The overabundance of fluoride in drinking water influences bone and teeth as well as each tissue and organ of the body. The World Health Organization has set a limit of 1.5 mg/L for fluoride in potable water. More than 260 million people worldwide drink water containing high levels of fluoride. The prevalence and high levels of fluoride in drinking water in many parts of the world have led to research and mitigation efforts to address the increasing health problems associated with this fluoride. this survey Paper talks about the different biomaterials and geomaterials utilized as adsorbents, for example, Zirconium oxide (Pan nanofibers), Moringa Oleifera, activated carbon, Magnesia / Chitosan composite, Neodymium, Natural soil, Mentha longifolia, Brick powder, Tamarind seed, Activated titanium-rich bauxite, and their productivity on fluoride expulsion from groundwater. Numerous strategies and materials are utilized in fluoride expulsion from groundwater in which different types of materials act differently.