DEFINITES

Abstract

The paper develops a uniform analysis of the definite article in its various uses and of definite NPs in general. Starting from the observation that singular and plural mass and count definites all refer to single, though possibly complex objects (Ch. 1), it is argued that the logical role of definites is that of individual expressions (terms). To treat definites as quantifiers is logically inadequate, but (referential) quantification involves definite reference to the domain of quantification (Ch. 2). In Ch. 3 a distinction between functional, relational, and sortal concepts is introduced along with a corresponding subcategorization of noun occurrences. This enables a systematic categorization of the uses of definites, the main distinction being that between semantic and pragmatic definites (Ch. 4). Semantic definites represent functional concepts which exist independently of the particular situation referred to, whereas pragmatic definites depend on that situation for unambiguous reference. In sketching a more elaborated theory of anaphors it is finally argued that the definite article always indicates that the noun is to be taken as a functional concept. Definites in general receive functional concept interpretations, but the definite article is unique in its role: all other determiners require a sortal or relational concept interpretation of the noun.