Abstract
Pluripotency is a transient state in early embryos, which is regulated by an interconnected network of pluripotency-related genes. The pluripotent state itself seems to be highly dynamic, which leads to significant differences in the description of induced pluripotent stem cells from different species at the molecular level. With the application of cell reprogramming technology in fish, the establishment of a set of molecular standards for defining pluripotency will be important for the research and potential application of induced pluripotent stem cells in fish. In this study, by BLAST search and expression pattern analysis, we screen out four pluripotent genes (Oct4, Nanog, Tdgf1, and Gdf3) in zebrafish (Danio rerio) and crucian carp (Carassius). These genes were highly expressed in the short period of early embryonic development, but significantly down-regulated after differentiation. Moreover, three genes (Oct4, Nanog and Tdgf1) have been verified that are suitable for identifying the pluripotency of induced pluripotent stem cells in zebrafish and crucian carp. Our study expands the understanding of the pluripotent markers of induced pluripotent stem cells in fish.
Highlights
Pluripotency is defined as the potential of specific cells which can differentiate to cells from three germ layers under certain inducing conditions (Hanna et al, 2010)
We reported Oct4, Nanog, Gdf3, and Tdgf1 were highly expressed in the short period of early embryonic development, but significantly down-regulated after differentiation
The gene Oct4 was one of the important markers of cellular pluripotency in mammals and fish (Kellner and Kikyo, 2010; Onichtchouk, 2012; Liu et al, 2015; Onichtchouk, 2016). It plays a central role in maintaining the self-renewal and differentiation of embryonic stem cells into specific cell lines
Summary
Pluripotency is defined as the potential of specific cells which can differentiate to cells from three germ layers under certain inducing conditions (Hanna et al, 2010). Series of pluripotent markers have been reported in mammalian, most of which are transcription factors (Surani et al, 2007; Li and Belmonte, 2017) These transcription factors are generally expressed in the early stages of embryonic development, but significantly decreased in most differentiated tissues (Thiagarajan et al, 2014; Li et al, 2020). They interact with a variety of protein complexes to regulate the expression of multiple genes and maintain the pluripotency and self-renewal ability of ES cells (Paranjpe and Veenstra, 2015).
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