Defining the cooperation between T cell responses to MHC-I and MHC-II melanoma neoantigens towards developing effective personalized cancer immunotherapies.

Abstract

Abstract Immune checkpoint therapy (ICT) (e.g. anti-CTLA-4, anti-PD-1) enables durable T-cell dependent anti-tumor immunity in patients with solid tumors. Since not all patients respond to ICT, this work aims at developing a more in-depth understanding of T-cell responses to MHC class I (MHC-I) and MHC class II (MHC-II) tumor antigens that occur as a consequence of aberrant expression of non-mutant antigens or driver and passenger mutations that form tumor neoantigens. We used a poorly immunogenic Brafv600e Pten−/−Cdkn2a−/− YUMM1.7 (Y1.7) murine melanoma line that with a paucity of endogenous neoantigens that is unresponsive to ICT, and introduced model neoantigens previously identified in a murine sarcoma tumor line expressing the same MHC haplotype as the Y1.7 line. The MHC-I neoantigen used was formed by a G1254V point mutation in the Laminin alpha subunit-4 (Lama4) and the MHC-II neoantigen was formed by an A710T point mutation in Integrin beta-1 (Itgb1). Anti-CTLA-4-treated mice bearing the parental Y1.7 melanoma displayed progressive tumor growth, whereas the modified Y1.7 line expressing mLama4 and mItgb1 (Y1.7.mLama4.mItgb1) was rendered sensitive to ICT. Preliminary data showed that anti-CTLA-4 treated Y1.7.mLama4.mItgb1 tumors reject in mice in a CD4+ T cell and CD8+ T cell-dependent manner. Additionally, intratumoral mLama4-specific CD8+ T cells were detected in anti-CTLA-4-treated Y1.7.mLama4.mItgb1 melanoma bearing mice. Overall this model will allow us to better understand T cell mediated anti-tumor responses to both MHC-I and MHC-II neoantigens, as well as shared, non-mutant melanoma antigens (e.g. Pmel/GP100 and Trp2), which may facilitate development of improved neoantigen-based personalized immunotherapies.