Abstract
Sustainable Tourism Development (STD) consists of three dimensions known as environment, economic and social. Although these three dimensions influence each other and cannot stand on their own, and are assumed to be supportive to each other and compatible. However, most studies focus on the environmental and economic dimensions. The social dimension gains less attention and is difficult to attain and operationalize. In order to implement a balanced and successful STD, it needs to be supported by all the tourism stakeholder, including the tourist itself. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the social dimension of STDs and also tourist behavior regarding their social conscious. However, the discussions and understanding of social dimension in STD and socially conscious behavior are still limited. This study aims to define a clear understanding and definition of social dimension of STD which in this study is referred as social sustainability and also a socially conscious tourist. Starting with exploring the aspect of social dimensions formulation and exploring clear definitions of social dimensions of STD's and socially conscious tourist. This study is an exploratory study that aims to explore the boundaries of social dimension of STD and to develop a construct of socially responsible tourist. This study is a qualitative approaches, which includes systematic literature review and Delphi method to obtain expert judgment to gather social dimension aspects of sustainable development, especially in STD. The results of this study are social dimension’s aspects of STD, an understanding of social sustainability and socially conscious tourist in STD.
Highlights
Environment, economic and social dimension are known as the three dimensions of Sustainable Development (SD), which is followed by Sustainable Tourism Development (STD) concept
In accordance with the objective of this research which is to explore the main aspects of the social dimension of sustainable tourism development related to theoretical concerns about how we understand and define the concept of social sustainability of tourism, the research questions to be answered are what aspects of the social dimension of tourism development that has been discussed in various literatures? The second step is to determine the criteria that will be used in the literature search
The behavior of socially conscious tourists will support the process and achievement of social sustainability in STD because they consider most of the social aspects that build social conditions in consuming tourism product
Summary
Environment, economic and social dimension are known as the three dimensions of Sustainable Development (SD), which is followed by Sustainable Tourism Development (STD) concept. According to Böstrom (2012), the relationship between those three dimensions are harmonious and support each other. According to several scholars, many studies were still focusing on the environmental and economic dimensions and neglecting the social dimension (Marcuse, 1998; Agyeman, 2008; Bebbington & Dillard, 2009). Furthurmore, several studies suggest that social dimension acquire less attention or not considered at all (Dobson, 1999; Agyeman et al 2003; Agyeman & Evans, 2004; Lehtonen, 2004; Agyeman, 2008; Cuthill, 2009; Dillard et al, 2009; Böstrom, 2012). Social dimension is the least developed among the three dimensions of sustainable development (McKenzie, 2004) and it is often discussed as a part of other dimensions
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