Abstract
The concept of smart mobility depends on a country’s or city’s visions and surroundings, such as traffic issues and available transportation modes. This study, therefore, proposes a clear and consistent set of definitions for smart mobility, in the context of past, present, and future, based on investigations of smart mobility practices in South Korea and overseas. In addition, smart mobility definitions are collected from various written sources and analyzed via text mining to define levels of smart mobility beyond the present service level. This study therefore defines smart mobility in six stages: level 0, base infrastructure; level 1, individual digitization; level 2, partial integration; level 3, full integration; level 4, personalized integration; and level 5, mobility transformation. The definition of each stage includes the scope of transportation modes to be integrated, required technology level, mobility operations, and user convenience. This definition of smart mobility by stage will be beneficial for setting the targeted levels of smart mobility services in projects and for setting goals not only in the present context but also for the future of smart mobility, which will be utilized as a roadmap for the implementation of smart mobility in many countries and cities.
Highlights
With the expansion of urbanization in many countries and cities around the world, urbanization problems such as traffic congestion, traffic crashes, air pollution, and energy scarcity have been worsening [1]
The sixth stage of smart mobility is the stage beyond information integration, wherein existing transportation modes will evolve into optimized forms or new mobility modes, or services will emerge based on user behaviors
It is barely possible to describe smart mobility using a single definition because smart mobility has been implemented in different locations in a variety of forms based on their social issues, transportation/information and communication technologies (ICTs) infrastructure readiness, and visions
Summary
With the expansion of urbanization in many countries and cities around the world, urbanization problems such as traffic congestion, traffic crashes, air pollution, and energy scarcity have been worsening [1]. In response to these urbanization problems, in the transportation domain [2], smart mobility, often represented as transportation/mobility applications in the concept of smart cities, has recently been introduced to reform city transportation systems and enhance the quality of life of citizens. The core of smart mobility is providing personalized (or user-centric) mobility services by integrating available transportation modes and their operational information based on information and communication technologies (ICTs), such as high-speed communications, big data, and artificial intelligence (AI) [5]. Smart mobility has been defined as a system that provides customized mobility services based on an understanding of user preferences and a city’s vision by utilizing emerging
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