Defining normality in a European multinational cohort: Critical factors influencing the 99th percentile upper reference limit for high sensitivity cardiac troponin I

Abstract

ObjectiveTo establish and critically evaluate the 99th percentile upper reference limit (URL) for high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) in a large healthy European cohort using different selection criteria. Methods1368 presumably healthy individuals from 9 countries were evaluated with surrogate biomarkers for diabetes (glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c] <48mmol/mol), myocardial (B-type natriuretic peptide [BNP] <35pg/mL) and renal dysfunction (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] >60mL/min/1.73m2), and dyslipidemia to refine the healthy cohort. The 99th percentile URLs were independently determined by the non-parametric and robust methods. ResultsThe use of biomarker selection criteria resulted in a decrease of the 99th percentile URL for hs-cTnI from 23.7 to 14.1ng/L and from 11.2 to 7.1ng/L, when using the non-parametric percentile and robust methods, respectively; a further reduction after exclusion of individuals with dyslipidemia was noted. Male gender, BNP, HbA1c and smoking status were independently associated with hs-cTnI concentration in the presumably healthy population, while the impact of age, present in the univariate analysis, decreased after adjustments for gender and surrogate biomarkers. The BNP-based inclusion criterion had the most pronounced effect on the 99th percentile URL, excluding 21% of the study participants and decreasing its value to 11.0 (7.1) ng/L according to the non-parametric (robust) method. Gender, but not age-specific, differences at 99th percentile URL have been identified. ConclusionThe selection of a reference population has a critical impact on the 99th percentile value for hs-cTnI. A uniform protocol for the selection of the healthy reference population is needed.