Abstract
During World War II, in the Pacific theater, the Japanese military and civilians used “karst defenses”—caves and tunnels—for various purposes. Despite their widespread distribution across the Pacific, karst defenses have received little historical and archaeological attention. As a result, archaeologists record and describe these sites inconsistently. A project in Saipan, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, sought to record karst defenses in order to understand the defensive strategies and tactics people employed at them during World War II. This article discusses the karst defenses constructed and used by the Japanese military and offers a basis for recording them. The information presented will be of value to both archaeologists and historians studying World War II defensive strategies in the Pacific.
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