Defining Cure for Esophageal Cancer: Analysis of Actual 5-Year Survivors Following Esophagectomy

Abstract

Esophagectomy is the mainstay of curative treatment for localized esophageal cancer. However, what constitutes cure is not well defined. This study was undertaken to characterize actual 5-year survivors following esophagectomy and to determine prognostic factors for disease-specific survival (DSS) from 60months. Between 1987 and 2004, 398 consecutive patients underwent esophagectomy and had potential for 5years follow-up. Clinicopathological factors associated with DSS from 5years onward were analyzed. Median DSS was 25months. Neoadjuvant therapy was administered to 159 of 398 (40%). There were 114 of 398 (29%) actual 5-year survivors. On multivariate analysis, 5-year survivors were significantly more likely to have lower T classification, N classification, and R0 resections compared with patients who died less than 5years after surgery. There were 66 of 398 patients (17%) with positive margins, and 6 of these were 5-year survivors. Of the 114 5-year survivors, 17 (15%) subsequently died of esophageal cancer. Prognostic factors for DSS after surviving 5years were age and T classification for patients treated with neoadjuvant therapy and surgery alone, respectively. Powerful prognostic factors from time of treatment, including nodal status, were no longer prognostic factors after surviving to 5years. No single clinicopathological variable negated survival to 5years. Prognostication once surviving 5years is difficult. The majority of 5-year survivors can be considered cured of esophageal cancer.