Abstract
This article describes the prevalence of self-reported hearing loss in an elderly population in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, and associated factors, based on a cross-sectional descriptive and quantitative study. The sample consisted of individuals over 65 years of age selected from census tracts in two stages, with replacement and probability proportional to the population 75 years of age or older. Statistical analysis used Stata 10 with weighted data, Rao-Scott test, and backward stepwise Poisson regression. 1,115 elders were interviewed. Prevalence of self-reported hearing loss was 30.4%, and higher levels were associated with age over 75 years, male gender, self-reported musculoskeletal conditions, dizziness, visual impairment, and difficulty using the telephone. Increased knowledge of factors associated with hearing loss would support public policies on hearing. The high prevalence found in this study underlines the importance of addressing this issue among the elderly.
Highlights
O envelhecimento da população mundial é um fenômeno amplamente observado em países desenvolvidos e desponta como fator preponderante em países em desenvolvimento, tal como o Brasil
This article describes the prevalence of self-reported hearing loss in an elderly population in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, and associated factors, based on a cross-sectional descriptive and quantitative study
The sample consisted of individuals over 65 years of age selected from census tracts in two stages, with replacement and probability proportional to the population 75 years of age or older
Summary
Segundo os resultados da regressão de Poisson, as variáveis relacionadas às maiores prevalências de deficiência auditiva foram: idades mais avançadas, o sexo masculino, presença de doenças osteoarticulares, relato de tontura e/ou vertigem, presença de deficiência visual referida e apresentar dificuldades na atividade de vida diária instrumental de uso do telefone. Esses resultados assemelham-se aos achados de Cruickshanks et al 33, que relataram prevalência de deficiência auditiva autorreferida de 33,7% e foram superiores aos encontrados por Coelho Filho & Ramos 34 no Brasil (26,4%). No estudo norte-americano, cerca de 30% dos idosos com 70 anos relataram déficit auditivo, e, no presente trabalho, 36,2% (IC95%: 29,3-43,6). Distribuição (%) dos idosos com e sem deficiência auditiva referida segundo dificuldades para a realização de atividades instrumentais de vida diária.
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