Abstract
BackgroundThe seven 14-3-3 protein isoforms bind to numerous proteins and are involved in a wide variety of cellular events, including the cell cycle, cell division, apoptosis and cancer. We previously found the importance of 14-3-3 proteins in neuronal migration of pyramidal neurons in the developing cortex. Here, we test the function of 14-3-3 proteins in the development of neural crest cells in vivo using mouse genetic approaches.ResultsWe found that 14-3-3 proteins are important for the development of neural crest cells, in particular for the pigmentation of the fur on the ventral region of mice.ConclusionsOur data obtained from the 14-3-3ε/14-3-3ζ/Wnt1-Cre mice strongly indicate the importance of 14-3-3 proteins in the development of melanocyte lineages.
Highlights
The seven 14-3-3 protein isoforms bind to numerous proteins and are involved in a wide variety of cel‐ lular events, including the cell cycle, cell division, apoptosis and cancer
By producing and analyzing 14-3-3ε conditional knockout mice and 14-3-3ζ conventional knockout mice, we found that these 14-3-3 proteins are important for neurogenesis of neuronal progenitor cells and neuronal migration of pyramidal neurons in the developing cortex [2, 3]
Wnt1-Cre transgenic mice in which Cre recombinase is expressed in the neural crest cells [18]
Summary
The seven 14-3-3 protein isoforms bind to numerous proteins and are involved in a wide variety of cel‐ lular events, including the cell cycle, cell division, apoptosis and cancer. By producing and analyzing 14-3-3ε conditional knockout mice and 14-3-3ζ conventional knockout mice, we found that these 14-3-3 proteins are important for neurogenesis of neuronal progenitor cells and neuronal migration of pyramidal neurons in the developing cortex [2, 3] These knockout mice showed several behavioral defects, such as learning and memory defects and seizures [2, 4, 5]. Li et al [12] showed that the repeated epilation is caused by a single nucleotide insertion in the Sfn gene, encoding the 14-3-3σ protein They found that the skin defects seen in these mice are the result of abnormal epidermal differentiation. This indicates that 14-3-3σ proteins are important for the proper development of the epidermis
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