Abstract
Vitamin D has an essential role in calcium metabolism and bone health. Vitamin D3 or cholecalciferol is synthesized from 7-dehydrocholesterol or provitamin D3, by sunlight ultraviolet radiation to the skin. 7-dehydrocholesterol is subsequently hydroxylated in the liver and then in the kidney to produce 1,25-(OH)2D3, the active metabolite that binds to specific receptors (VDR) in target tissues, mainly bone and intestine. Other tissues, such as the immune and cardiovascular system, have also VDR. Vitamin D deficiency can induce rickets in children and osteomalacia and osteoporosis in adults. A possible inverse association between vitamin D levels and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome has been proposed. Vitamin D deficiency increases the risk of type 1 diabetes, insulin resistance, and hypertension, key components of this syndrome. However, other studies have not confirmed this association. Further clinical and experimental studies are needed to ascertain the role of vitamin D in metabolic syndrome.
Highlights
Vitamin D has an essential role in calcium metabolism and bone health
Vitamin D3 or cholecalciferol is synthesized from 7-dehydrocholesterol or provitamin D3, by sunlight ultraviolet radiation to the skin. 7-dehydrocholesterol is subsequently hydroxylated in the liver and in the kidney to produce 1,25-(OH)2D3, the active metabolite that binds to specific receptors (VDR) in target tissues, mainly bone and intestine
Vitamin D deficiency increases the risk of type 1 diabetes, insulin resistance, and hypertension, key components of this syndrome
Summary
Vitamin D has an essential role in calcium metabolism and bone health. Vitamin D3 or cholecalciferol is synthesized from 7-dehydrocholesterol or provitamin D3, by sunlight ultraviolet radiation to the skin. 7-dehydrocholesterol is subsequently hydroxylated in the liver and in the kidney to produce 1,25-(OH)2D3, the active metabolite that binds to specific receptors (VDR) in target tissues, mainly bone and intestine. Diabetes mellitus: Existe evidencia que destaca el rol fundamental que desempeña la vitamina D en la secreción normal de insulina, incluyendo un efecto directo sobre los VDR en las células β y uno indirecto mediado por la existencia de proteínas fijadoras de calcio dependientes de vitamina D en los tejidos pancreáticos[12]. Recientemente la hipovitaminosis D se ha señalado como factor de riesgo para la intolerancia a la glucosa, encontrándose un aumento en la secreción de insulina y una mejora considerable en la tolerancia a la glucosa en pacientes que reciben tratamiento suplementado con vitamina D19-20 y estableciéndose, por tanto, una asociación inversa entre los niveles de vitamina D y el riesgo a desarrollar diabetes tipo 221. La relación SM-deficiencia de vitamina D sigue siendo incierta
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