Deficiencia de vitamina D, estrés oxidante y enfermedad

Abstract

The active form of vitamin D, 1α,25-
 dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1α,25(OH)2D3], is a steroid
 hormone whose biological actions are mediated through
 the vitamin D receptor (VDR). Globally, its deficiency
 is a major public health problem and is mainly due to
 insufficient exposure to sunlight. It is estimated that
 50% of the world’s population has vitamin D insufficiency
 and one billion people are deficient. Vitamin D deficiency
 induces oxidative stress and both are associated with
 various diseases such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension
 and COVID-19. Vitamin D exerts an indirect antioxidant
 role:1) increasing the transcription of erythroid nuclear
 factor 2 -related factor 2 (Nrf2), which increases various
 antioxidant enzymes, 2) decreasing the expression of
 pro-oxidant enzymes and 3) decreasing the translocation
 of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) to the nucleus. The
 importance of this deficiency is made evident by the fact
 that vitamin D supplementation has been associated
 with a significant reduction in mortality. Therefore, the
 aim of this review is to update the basics around vitamin
 D deficiency and its relationship to some diseases.