Abstract
Female genital mutilation type III (infibulation) is achieved by narrowing the vaginal orifice by creating a covering seal, accomplished by cutting and appositioning the labia minora and/or labia majora, with or without clitoral excision. Infibulation is responsible for significant urogynecological, obstetrical, and psychosexual consequences that can be treated with defibulation (or de-infibulation), an operation that opens the infibulation scar, exposing the vulvar vestibule, vaginal orifice, external urethral meatus, and eventually the clitoris. This article provides a practical comprehensive, up-to-date visual learning tool on defibulation, with information on pre-operative, post-operative, and follow-up information.Abdulcadir J, Marras S, Catania L, et al. Defibulation: a visual reference and learning tool. J Sex Med 2018;15:601–611.
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