Abstract
Asthma Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) contribute to the inflammation associated with human allergic airway diseases, including asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis. Corticosteroid drugs are used to manage type 2 respiratory diseases, but steroid resistance may arise in the course of therapy. By comparing ILC2s from inflamed nasal polyps with blood ILC2s from healthy controls, van der Ploeg et al. observed that enhanced cytokine expression by nasal polyp ILC2s and loss of steroid responsiveness were both associated with surface expression of the receptor isoform CD45RO rather than CD45RA, which is found on most resting ILC2s. Expression of the CD45RO isoform by inflammatory ILC2s in blood was increased in patients with asthma and correlated with more severe airway disease. CD45RO is a candidate biomarker for human inflammatory ILC2s that correlates with the acquisition of steroid resistance. Sci. Immunol. 6 , eabd3489 (2021).
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