Abstract
The antioxidant defense system acts to maintain the equilibrium between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the elimination of toxic levels of ROS in plants. Overproduction and accumulation of ROS results in metabolic disorders and can lead to the oxidative destruction of the cell. Several stress factors cause ROS overproduction and trigger oxidative stress in crops and weeds. Recently, the involvement of the antioxidant system in weed interference and herbicide treatment in crops and weeds has been the subject of investigation. In this review, we address ROS production and plant mechanisms of defense, alterations in the antioxidant system at transcriptional and enzymatic levels in crops induced by weed interference, and herbicide exposure in crops and weeds. We also describe the mechanisms of action in herbicides that lead to ROS generation in target plants. Lastly, we discuss the relations between antioxidant systems and weed biology and evolution, as well as the interactive effects of herbicide treatment on these factors.
Highlights
In the field, plant growth, development, and reproduction are affected to various degrees by biotic and abiotic factors
Stress conditions often induce the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are toxic molecules that can lead to the oxidative destruction of cells
ROS overproduction occurs in plants exposed to environmental stresses
Summary
Plant growth, development, and reproduction are affected to various degrees by biotic and abiotic factors. Antioxidant response to stress caused by weed interference and herbicide treatment in crops and weeds have been recent subjects of investigation [5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15]. [5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15] Both weed interference and herbicide treatment stimulate the synthesis of antioxidant molecules in plants in response to stress [10,11,15,16]. The increase in the synthesis of several antioxidant defense compounds by crops in response to to weed interference could result in crop energy drains and yield losses.
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