Abstract
Thermal protection of spaces contributes to the fact that sandwich walls dominate in heated buildings. Their design requires knowledge regarding the operating principles of sandwich systems. Without knowledge of these principles, numerous mistakes are made. The study describes mistakes encountered made during erection of triple-layer and double-layer walls. The effects of a shortage and excess of connecting pieces in triple-layer walls are presented. For double-layer walls, the necessity of insulation expansion joints is shown using an example. Using the tests, it is proven that the strength of the adhesive layer created during the autumn/winter transitional period is very heavily decreased, even more than 50%, which in connection with over-stiffened anchors leads to very numerous cracks, to the destruction of the external layer of insulation. High diffusion resistance of the external layer of insulation with low diffusion resistance (mineral wool) also leads to the destruction of the adhesive & plaster layer. Furthermore, the considerable significance of the use of good quality reinforcing, anchoring, gluing and painting & plastering materials was emphasized.
Highlights
Crevices and cracks in walls are not acceptable to users of buildings or other building structures nor admissible by effective regulations [1]
The building was erected using aerated concrete, grade 0.6, internal layer 24 cm thick, external layer 12 cm thick, between them insulation made of mineral wool
The over-rigidity of the connection in concrete triplehttps://doi.org/10.10 51/matecconf /201928402008 layer walls known from large-panel systems led to their heavy cracking, even though the external layer was reinforced and concrete bears higher tensile loads than aerated concrete
Summary
Crevices and cracks in walls are not acceptable to users of buildings or other building structures nor admissible by effective regulations [1]. Crevices appearing in single-layer and multi-layer walls generally have different progress and causes. Crevices and cracks appearing in walls are very often associated with varying settlement of foundations and if this happens the cracks concern mainly load bearing walls and they run throughout the entire width of the wall in the case of both single- and multi-layer walls. If settlement and soil conditions do not have any effect on the failure condition of the building, the causes of defects are associated with thermal loads and design or execution errors. In the case of sandwich walls, frequent causes include shortages in the design stage, that is, lack of essential information regarding execution of the designed walls, both double- and triplelayered ones, and shortages of knowledge among the sandwich wall contractors
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