Defects in two-dimensional materials: Topological and geometrical effects

Abstract

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have been envisioned as wonder materials not only because of their fantastic properties, but also due to their unique role as model materials for fundamental research of 2D physics. In this article, I will discuss the topological and geometrical effects of defects in modulating the structures and mechanical responses of 2D materials using graphene as an example. We conclude that as the dimension is reduced, imperfections become vital for the material behaviors compared to those in the bulk. These effects have further implications in modulating the growth and assembly of graphene single-crystal domains into continuum films. The constructive aspect of defects in engineering 2D materials with designed pre-stress and geometry will also be discussed.