Abstract
As one of the by-product, residual sludge needs to be utilized urgently. For this purpose, sludge biochar (ASBC-1) abundant oxygen functional groups (OFGs) with edge defects was designed to reuse the residual sludge. The ASBC-1/ Peroxymonosulfate (PMS) system removed 94.63 % of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) within 30 min and had strong pH versatility, interference resistance, and stability. Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed that the degree of defects and the content of OFGs were influenced by different acidification conditions. Furthermore, the relationship between degradation performance and the degree of defects or OFGs was confirmed by Pearson correlation analysis. DFT calculations revealed that the degree of defects and OFGs synergistically promoted the activation of PMS. A continuous flow fixed-bed reactor with gel pellets as packing material was constructed, and the removal rate of SMX was suitable under different water matrix backgrounds. This method provided a treatment and disposal solution for reusing sludge resources in accordance with the principles of sustainable development.
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