Abstract
Abstract The previous discussion of crystal lattices has assumed that they are infinite in extent and without any internal defects; i.e., they possess complete translational symmetry. An exception was an alloy, and a dilute concentration of impurities can be regarded as a kind of defect with respect to a host. But other kinds of defects can be present, even in a pure material. Although the word defect is generally used for imperfections in solids they nearly always occur in real materials and their presence cannot be ignored in achieving a realistic understanding of the properties of solids. This chapter focuses on some of the simplest defects. It discusses point defects, the concentration of point defects, point defects in lattices with more than one species, microscopic and macroscopic theories of diffusion, the temperature dependence of the diffusion constant, ionic conduction, and color centres.
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