Abstract
Differentiation in malignant tumors is inversely related to progression, invasion and metastasis and is assessed on the basis of a marker, usually a secreted protein such as keratin. Recently, several ultrastructurally recognizable markers of differentiation were scored in breast tumors and the inadequacy in evaluating differentiation on the basis of a single marker was pointed out. The present investigations on squamous cell carcinomas of the tongue, buccal mucosa and nasopharynx (total of 15 samles), erythroplakia (one) and leukoplakia (3) have revealed a structural pathway underlying defective terminal differentiation in malignant cells.There are two types of protein synthesis in cells. One, on free cytoplasmic polysomes where enzymes for metabolic reactions and cytoskeletal proteins are thought to be synthesised. The second concerns biosynthesis of secretory proteins, membranes and lysosomal enzymes and takes place in the endomembrane system (EMS). The EMS is constituted by the nuclear envelope, rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), Golgi apparatus, transport vesicles and lysosomes.
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Schedule a callMore From: Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America
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