Abstract
A simple scheme for estimating the single-particle energies of defect-induced states in quasi-one-dimensional systems from the band structures of the defect-free systems is proposed. It is based on a transfer-matrix formulation of the Schrodinger equation and is shown to be most valid for extended defects. A number of applications are presented, including solitons, polarons, twistons, and ring-torsion defects in conjugated polymers, solitons in hydrogen-bonded systems, structural and substitutional defects in Se helices, and interfaces between crystalline materials. The scheme provides thereby a unifying description of a large number of different defects.
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