Defected Ground Structure (DGS) Optimization of Microstrip Antenna Using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for Gain Enhancement

Abstract

Defected ground structure (DGS) is a method for enhancing antenna gain without having to increase the antenna dimension by modifying the structure of the antenna ground. However, the inductive approach is typically used when implementing the DGS technique, which is time-consuming and needs high computational resources. Therefore, heuristic optimization techniques, such as particle swarm optimization (PSO), are used to accelerate the DGS design process. In order to reduce the design time of DGS, this study suggests a PSO-based DGS model to enhance the gain and bandwidth of microstrip antennas. The contribution in this study is the optimized DGS design using PSO, where this design has higher gain, broader bandwidth performance with shorter iteration time compared to the DGS design using an inductive approach. The simulation results show that the PSO-based DGS microstrip antenna has a gain value of 2.82 dBi and a resonant frequency between 2.4 and 2.52 GHz. The proposed DGS design can improve the antenna's gain and bandwidth by 100% and 54.94%, respectively, compared to the original rectangular microstrip antenna.