Abstract
Recent achievements, based on lead (Pb) halide perovskites, have prompted comprehensive research on low-cost photovoltaics, in order to avoid the major challenges that arise in this respect: Stability and toxicity. In this study, device modelling of lead (Pb)-free perovskite solar cells has been carried out considering methyl ammonium tin bromide (CH3NH3SnBr3) as perovskite absorber layer. The perovskite structure has been justified theoretically by Goldschmidt tolerance factor and the octahedral factor. Numerical modelling tools were used to investigate the effects of amphoteric defect and interface defect states on the photovoltaic parameters of CH3NH3SnBr3-based perovskite solar cell. The study identifies the density of defect tolerance in the absorber layer, and that both the interfaces are 1015 cm−3, and 1014 cm−3, respectively. Furthermore, the simulation evaluates the influences of metal work function, uniform donor density in the electron transport layer and the impact of series resistance on the photovoltaic parameters of proposed n-TiO2/i-CH3NH3SnBr3/p-NiO solar cell. Considering all the optimization parameters, CH3NH3SnBr3-based perovskite solar cell exhibits the highest efficiency of 21.66% with the Voc of 0.80 V, Jsc of 31.88 mA/cm2 and Fill Factor of 84.89%. These results divulge the development of environmentally friendly methyl ammonium tin bromide perovskite solar cell.
Highlights
An undisputed revolution in the development of photovoltaic technology was achieved by solar cells based on metal halide perovskites with the formula of ABX3
The definition of amphoteric defects was initially familiar with the clarifying effects on the properties of semiconducting materials of native defects
Amphoteric defect has been considered above the Ev of the absorber layer with uniform energetic distribution where defect state has been varied from 1013 cm−3 to 1017 cm−3
Summary
An undisputed revolution in the development of photovoltaic technology was achieved by solar cells based on metal halide perovskites with the formula of ABX3 (where A is an organic or inorganic cation, B is a lead or tin cation and X is a halide anion). Several other attempts perovskite structure can lead to higher stability of the device In this respect, several other have been made to build efficient low. The primary benefits of tin-based perovskite solar cells are structure looks like ASnX3. The primary benefits of tin-based perovskite solar cells are that that they are lead-free and can help tune the active layer’s bandgap further. They are lead-free and can help tune the active layer’s bandgap further. The tolerance factor can be tailored to the stable perovskite range by combining different A/B cations and X anions in a particular composition [26,27,28,29].
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