Abstract
The removal of antibiotics from wastewater is crucial, and the activating of PMS is an effective method for this purpose. To design a suitable catalyst, a defect-enriched ilmenite-type catalyst (D-FeTiO3/C) was constructed using titanium dioxide slag as a precursor for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation to remove tetracycline (TC). The obtained D-FeTiO3/C catalyst showed excellent activation ability towards PMS, achieving a TC degradation efficiency over 90% within 120 min. The introduction of oxygen vacancies by ball milling significantly improved the activation ability. The effects of operational conditions on TC removal were systematically investigated in the D-FeTiO3/C/PMS system. The primary active species in the D-FeTiO3/C/PMS system were non-free radicals of singlet oxygen, although free radical species also contributed to TC degradation. Degradation pathways for TC were proposed, and most of the intermediates were non-toxic by-products. This study developed a promising method to recycle solid slag wastes and effectively treat antibiotics in water environments.
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