Abstract
The defatted seeds of Oenothera biennis (DSOB) are a by-product of evening primrose oil production that are currently not effectively used. In this study, α-glucosidase inhibition, aldose reductase inhibition, antioxidant capacity, polyphenol composition, and nutritional value (carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, fat, organic acid, and tocopherols) of DSOB were evaluated using the seeds of Oenothera biennis (SOB) as a reference. DSOB was an excellent inhibitor of α-glucosidase (IC50 = 3.31 μg/mL) and aldose reductase (IC50 = 2.56 μg/mL). DSOB also showed considerable antioxidant capacities (scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid, nitric oxide, peroxynitrite, and hydroxyl radicals). DSOB was a reservoir of polyphenols, and 25 compounds in DSOB were temporarily identified by liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization–quadrupole time of flight–mass spectrometry analysis. Moreover, the carbohydrate, protein, and mineral content of DSOB were increased compared to that of SOB. DSOB contained large amounts of fiber and low levels of sugars, and was rich in calcium and iron. These results imply that DSOB may be a potential functional food ingredient for diabetes, providing excellent economic and environmental benefits.
Highlights
Published: 5 March 2021Diabetes mellitus, characterized by abnormal hyperglycemia, affects 463 million patients globally [1], of which 60% have one or more complications, such as diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy [2]
These results implied that defatted seeds of of Oenothera biennis (DSOB) was a potent α-glucosidase inhibitor, in which the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of DSOB was not affected by the defatting process from seeds of OB (SOB)
Merrillii has an IC50 of 13.73 μg/mL for α-glucosidase inhibition [23]
Summary
Published: 5 March 2021Diabetes mellitus, characterized by abnormal hyperglycemia, affects 463 million patients globally [1], of which 60% have one or more complications, such as diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy [2]. The results of epidemiological and clinical research show that effective blood glucose control postpones the occurrence of diabetic complications; its development in patients with diabetes is certain to happen [3,4]. Changes in diet or medication of patients with diabetes often results in nutritional deficiencies, dramatically damaging the health and lowering quality of life [5]. The health management of patients with diabetes should be concerned with the control of hyperglycemia, prevention of complications, and supplementation of nutrition. Aldose reductase is a pivotal target for preventing the onset and progression of diabetic complications [7]. The increasingly mindful attitudes of consumers to their diet and health has led to the development of new trends, including the widespread use of functional foods. There is growing interest in developing functional food ingredients
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