Abstract
Citrus sudden death (CSD) has caused the death of approximately four million orange trees in a very important citrus region in Brazil. Although its etiology is still not completely clear, symptoms and distribution of affected plants indicate a viral disease. In a search for viruses associated with CSD, we have performed a comparative high-throughput sequencing analysis of the transcriptome and small RNAs from CSD-symptomatic and -asymptomatic plants using the Illumina platform. The data revealed mixed infections that included Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) as the most predominant virus, followed by the Citrus sudden death-associated virus (CSDaV), Citrus endogenous pararetrovirus (CitPRV) and two putative novel viruses tentatively named Citrus jingmen-like virus (CJLV), and Citrus virga-like virus (CVLV). The deep sequencing analyses were sensitive enough to differentiate two genotypes of both viruses previously associated with CSD-affected plants: CTV and CSDaV. Our data also showed a putative association of the CSD-symptomatic plants with a specific CSDaV genotype and a likely association with CitPRV as well, whereas the two putative novel viruses showed to be more associated with CSD-asymptomatic plants. This is the first high-throughput sequencing-based study of the viral sequences present in CSD-affected citrus plants, and generated valuable information for further CSD studies.
Highlights
Citrus sudden death (CSD) is a disease that was first detected in 1999 in citrus groves located in the municipality of Comendador Gomes, Brazil [1]
The RNA-seq analysis showed that the majority of reads were derived from Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) and Citrus sudden death-associated virus (CSDaV), these libraries have suggested the presence of viral sequences from other several distinct taxa as well
Our study demonstrated a putative association of CSD‐symptomatic plants with a specific
Summary
Citrus sudden death (CSD) is a disease that was first detected in 1999 in citrus groves located in the municipality of Comendador Gomes (southwestern Minas Gerais State), Brazil [1]. CSD was found to affect only plants of sweet orange Osb.), a very important drought-resistant rootstock used in Brazil [1]. CSD quickly spread into the northern part of São Paulo State and, since has caused the death of four million orange trees [2,3]. The symptoms of CSD are characterized by a general decline, including pale green coloration of the leaves, overall defoliation, death of the roots and presence
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