Abstract
AbstractThis chapter analyses the institutionalization of Deep Seabed Mining (DSM) governance arrangements and starts by discussing the governance context and practice of deep seabed mining, followed by examining the role of the International Seabed Authority, the role of governmental and non-governmental actors in the exploration and exploitation of marine resources from the seabed and the way this is organized. The process of (liquid) institutionalization of DSM is illustrated by the example of the Clarion Clipperton Zone (CCZ), in the Pacific Ocean. The analysis showed both stabilization, in which the existing historical power position of pioneer firms and sponsoring states is defended against change, supported by the neo-liberal and neo-mercantilist discourses; and, structuration, related to the development of the mining code and the development of the Environmental Management Plan for the CCZ. The analysis indicates characteristics of Type II and Type III liquid institutionalization within the example of DSM.KeywordsDeep Seabed Mining; International Seabed Authority; Clarion Clipperton Zone; Sponsoring states; Pioneer firms; Mining Code; The Area; Common Heritage of Mankind; The Enterprise
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