Abstract
We proposed and designed a new method of deep processing of carotenecontaining vegetables – alternative to cryogenic treatment, based on the comprehensive action of steam thermal treatment and finely dispersed grinding on raw materials using a new generation of equipment that is applied in restaurant business, which makes it possible to more fully utilize biological potential (2...3 times higher than in the original raw materials). It was found that during deep (steam convection) processing of carotenecontaining vegetables (carrot and pumpkin) with the use of modern steam convection equipment, the fermentative processes proceed with less intensity than during traditional method of thermal treatment – blanching by immersion in boiling water. The quantitative indicator of the maximum fermentative activity during treatment of the carotenecontaining vegetables in a combi steamer, compared to blanching, is 2–4,5 times less for polyphenol oxidase, by 3 times for peroxidase. It was demonstrated that the complete inactivation of oxidative enzymes during thermal treatment of carotenecontaining vegetables in a combi steamer occurs earlier than during blanching and takes place in 20 minutes, which is 10–15 minutes faster than at blanching. The complete inactivation of oxidative enzymes during blanching of carotenecontaining vegetables occurs in 30–35 minutes. It was demonstrated that, compared with fresh raw materials, during thermal treatment of carotenecontaining vegetables (carrot, pumpkin) in a combi steamer (under the abovementioned modes), not only the preservation of bcarotene is achieved in 10 minutes, but also the increase in its mass by 2...2,3 times that occurs due to the release from the hidden state (forms, associated with biopolymers) to free form that is registered by the chemical methods of research. It was found that the loss of vitamin C during thermal treatment of carotenecontaining vegetables in a combi steamer is much lower than at blanching. Thus, after 20 minutes of thermal treatment in the combi steamer, the mass fraction of Lascorbic acid remained by 65…80 %, while after blanching by 40…50 %. It was also demonstrated that after steam thermal treatment and finely dispersed grinding of carotenecontaining vegetables when making puree, a significant increase in the extraction of Lascorbic acid and bcarotene occurs in comparison to the original raw materials, which is 2 and 3 times larger for pumpkin, respectively, and for carrot – 1,7 and 2,5 times, respectively. It was found that the comprehensive application of steam thermal treatment of vegetable raw materials in a combi steamer with finely dispersed grinding makes it possible to obtain puree, the quality of which is close to the quality of the puree, obtained using the cryogenic product treatment (in particular, the content of bcarotene is 2,5…3 times during steam thermal treatment and is 2,8...3,5 times during cryogenic treatment).
Highlights
Today a global problem in international practice in a large number of countries is the shortage of vitamins, carotene, mineral substances, proteins and other biologically active substances (BAS) in the food diet
It was demonstrated that the complete inactivation of oxidative enzymes in the treatment of CCV in a combi steamer happens by 30 % faster than at blanching
We propose to apply the comprehensive action of steam thermal treatment and finely dispersed grinding on the raw materials using highly efficient modern equipment of new generation – a steam convection furnace (Italy) and an activator-homogenizer-crusher (France) [12]
Summary
Today a global problem in international practice in a large number of countries is the shortage of vitamins, carotene, mineral substances, proteins and other biologically active substances (BAS) in the food diet. It is known that 50 % of the Earth’s population is starving In this regard, there are many programs in many countries of the world, according to which industrial manufacturing of many synthetic foodstuffs (in particular, milk, meat, vegetables, flour, cereals, etc.) are created and implemented already [4]. There are many programs in many countries of the world, according to which industrial manufacturing of many synthetic foodstuffs (in particular, milk, meat, vegetables, flour, cereals, etc.) are created and implemented already [4] They are almost indistinguishable from natural products in the physical appearance and taste but they are harmful to the human body that practically does not assimilate them. Deterioration of ecological situation and the reduction of immunity in the population of the entire Earth are observed [5,6,7]
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