Abstract
We investigate expert disagreement over the potential and limitations of deep learning. We conducted 25 expert interviews to reveal the reasons and arguments that underlie the disagreement about the limitations of deep learning, here evaluated in respect to high-level machine intelligence. Experts in our sample named 40 limitations of deep learning. Using interview data, we identify and explore five crucial, unresolved research subjects that underpin this scholarly disagreement: abstraction, generalisation, explanatory models, emergence of planning and intervention. We suggest that such origins of disagreement can be used to form a research road map to guide efforts towards overcoming the limitations of deep learning.
Highlights
Deep learning has led to remarkable progress in artificial intelligence (AI) research [1]
Its successful application across different domains has led to some debate and speculation on whether deep learning might be the key to fulfilling the ambition articulated by McCarthy et al in 1955: to describe every aspect of learning and feature of intelligence so precisely that a machine could be made to simulate it [3]
We identify key origins and scientific questions that underpin expert disagreement about the potential of deep learning approaches to achieve HLMI, which are: abstraction, generalisation, explanatory models, emergence of planning and intervention
Summary
Deep learning has led to remarkable progress in artificial intelligence (AI) research [1]. Some researchers proclaim that domaingeneral artificial intelligence could be achieved within a decade [4] and that deep learning will be central to its development [5]. Deep learning plays a role in this question: if currently used methods face few fundamental limits, progress is likely to be faster. As, for example, articulated by Cantwell Smith [11] remain a challenge, progress is likely to be slower. Investigating the limitations of deep learning matters to prepare for the challenges posed by advanced AI ahead of time. You can speak to me with on highest technical level and assume that I understand what you’re talking about.
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