Deep learning the hierarchy of steering measurement settings of qubit-pair states

Abstract

Quantum steering has attracted increasing research attention because of its fundamental importance, as well as its applications in quantum information science. Here we leverage the power of the deep learning model to infer the steerability of quantum states with specific numbers of measurement settings, which form a hierarchical structure. A computational protocol consisting of iterative tests is constructed to overcome the optimization, meanwhile, generating the necessary training data. According to the responses of the well-trained models to the different physics-driven features encoding the states to be recognized, we can numerically conclude that the most compact characterization of the Alice-to-Bob steerability is Alice’s regularly aligned steering ellipsoid; whereas Bob’s ellipsoid is irrelevant. We have also provided an explanation to this result with the one-way stochastic local operations and classical communication. Additionally, our approach is versatile in revealing further insights into the hierarchical structure of quantum steering and detecting the hidden steerability.