Abstract
The limitation of the available channel bandwidth and availability of a sustainable energy source for battery feed sensor nodes are the main challenges in the underwater acoustic communication. Unlike terrestrial’s communication, using multi-input multi-output (MIMO) technologies to overcome the bandwidth limitation problem is highly restricted in underwater acoustic communication by high inter-channel interference (ICI) and the channel multipath effect. Recently, the spatial modulation techniques (SMTs) have been presented as an alternative solution to overcome these issues by transmitting more data bits using the spatial index of antennas transmission. This paper proposes a new scheme of SMT called spread-spectrum fully generalized spatial modulation (SS-FGSM) carrying the information bits not only using the constellated data symbols and index of active antennas as in conventional SMTs, but also transmitting the information bits by using the index of predefined spreading codes. Consequently, most of the information bits are transmitted in the index of the transmitter antenna, and the index of spreading codes. In the proposed scheme, only a few information bits are transmitted physically. By this way, consumed power transmission can be reduced, and we can save the energy of underwater nodes, as well as enhancing the channel utilization. To relax the receiver computational complexity, a low complexity deep learning (DL) detector is proposed for the SS-FGSM scheme as the first attempt in the underwater SMTs-based communication. The simulation results show that the proposed deep learning detector-based SS-FGSM (DLSS-FGSM), compared to the conventional SMTs, can significantly improve the system data rate, average bit error rate, energy efficiency, and receiver’s computational complexity.
Highlights
Underwater acoustic communication (UWAC) has become one of the critical research fields due to its proliferation of new scientific, industrial, and naval applications [1,2,3]
This paper proposes a spread-spectrum fully generalized spatial modulation (SS-FGSM) scheme to increase the available data rate and avoid the high inter-channel interference (ICI) of the conventional multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technologies
A new spatial modulation technique named spread spectrum (SS)-FGSM is proposed for the underwater acoustic channel
Summary
Underwater acoustic communication (UWAC) has become one of the critical research fields due to its proliferation of new scientific, industrial, and naval applications [1,2,3]. The limitation of the available bandwidth, poor physical link quality, availability of a sustainable energy source for the battery feed sensor nodes, high latency, and attenuation of the acoustic waves by water still represent the main drawbacks of the wireless communication in the ocean’s environment [3,4,5]. Electromagnetic communication, and magnetic induction communication can be employed for the oceanic environment, acoustic communication is considered to be the widest in use since it achieves long communication distances of tens of kilometers for the low data transmission. Sensors 2020, 20, 6134 rate and several tens of meters for the high data transmission rate [6,7].
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