Abstract
Ultrasonography (US) has been considered image of choice for gallbladder (GB) polyp, however, it had limitations in differentiating between nonneoplastic polyps and neoplastic polyps. We developed and investigated the usefulness of a deep learning-based decision support system (DL-DSS) for the differential diagnosis of GB polyps on US. We retrospectively collected 535 patients, and they were divided into the development dataset (n = 437) and test dataset (n = 98). The binary classification convolutional neural network model was developed by transfer learning. Using the test dataset, three radiologists with different experience levels retrospectively graded the possibility of a neoplastic polyp using a 5-point confidence scale. The reviewers were requested to re-evaluate their grades using the DL-DSS assistant. The areas under the curve (AUCs) of three reviewers were 0.94, 0.78, and 0.87. The DL-DSS alone showed an AUC of 0.92. With the DL-DSS assistant, the AUCs of the reviewer’s improved to 0.95, 0.91, and 0.91. Also, the specificity of the reviewers was improved (65.1–85.7 to 71.4–93.7). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) improved from 0.87 to 0.93. In conclusion, DL-DSS could be used as an assistant tool to decrease the gap between reviewers and to reduce the false positive rate.
Highlights
Ultrasonography (US) has been considered image of choice for gallbladder (GB) polyp, it had limitations in differentiating between nonneoplastic polyps and neoplastic polyps
A deep learning model could help the radiologist in detecting the pulmonary nodule on a chest radiograph, interpreting the knee magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and detecting a cerebral aneurysm on magnetic resonance angiography[16,17,18]
The purpose of our study is to determine if a deep learning-based decision support system (DL-DSS) is helpful for the differential diagnosis of neoplastic GB polyps on US
Summary
Ultrasonography (US) has been considered image of choice for gallbladder (GB) polyp, it had limitations in differentiating between nonneoplastic polyps and neoplastic polyps. Gallbladder (GB) polyps are commonly detected during ultrasonography (US), with a reported prevalence that ranges from 0.3 to 9.5%, and they present a tricky clinical question regarding their malignancy[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9] They can be divided into two groups: benign nonneoplastic and neoplastic polyps, which include adenomas and adenocarcinomas[9,10,11]. The deep learning models using image input usually have been developed to classify lesion or nonlesion, to group the lesion type, to detect the lesion, or to segment the lesion[14]. No articles have been published applying the deep learning method to differentiate
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