Deep learning approach to predict optical attenuation in additively manufactured planar waveguides.

Abstract

The booming demand for efficient, scalable optical networks has intensified the exploration of innovative strategies that seamlessly connect large-scale fiber networks with miniaturized photonic components. Within this context, our research introduces a neural network, specifically a convolutional neural network (CNN), as a trailblazing method for approximating the nonlinear attenuation function of centimeter-scale multimode waveguides. Informed by a ray tracing model that simulated many flexographically printed waveguide configurations, we cultivated a comprehensive dataset that laid the groundwork for rigorous CNN training. This model demonstrates remarkable adeptness in estimating optical losses due to waveguide curvature, achieving an attenuation standard deviation of 1.5dB for test data over an attenuation range of 50dB. Notably, the CNN model's evaluation speed, at 517µs per waveguide, starkly contrasts the used ray tracing model that demands 5-10min for a similar task. This substantial increase in computational efficiency accentuates the model's paramount significance, especially in scenarios mandating swift waveguide assessments, such as optical network optimization. In a subsequent study, we test the trained model on actual measurements of fabricated waveguides and its optical model. All approaches show excellent agreement in assessing the waveguide's attenuation within measurement accuracy. Our endeavors elucidate the transformative potential of machine learning in revolutionizing optical network design.