Deep Learning Applied to Mobile Phone Data for Individual Income Classification

Abstract

Deep learning has in recent years brought breakthroughs in several domains, most notably voice and image recognition. In this work we extend deep learning into a new application domain - namely classification on mobile phone datasets. Classic machine learning methods have produced good results in telecom prediction tasks, but are underutilized due to resource-intensive and domain-specific feature engineering. Moreover, traditional machine learning algorithms require separate feature engineering in different countries. In this work, we show how socio-economic status in large de-identified mobile phone datasets can be accurately classified using deep learning, thus avoiding the cumbersome and manual feature engineering process. We implement a simple deep learning architecture and compare it with traditional data mining models as our benchmarks. On average our model achieves 77% AUC on test data using location traces as the sole input. In contrast, the benchmarked state-of-the-art data mining models include various feature categories such as basic phone usage, top-up pattern, handset type, social network structure and individual mobility. The traditional machine learning models achieve 72% AUC in the best-case scenario. We believe these results are encouraging since average regional household income is an important input to a wide range of economic policies. In underdeveloped countries reliable statistics of income is often lacking, not frequently updated, and is rarely fine-grained to sub-regions of the country. Making income prediction simpler and more efficient can be of great help to policy makers and charity organizations - which will ultimately benefit the poor.