Abstract
CT image information data under deep learning algorithms was adopted to evaluate small airway function and analyze the clinical efficacy of different glucocorticoid administration ways in asthmatic children with small airway obstruction. The Res-NET in the deep learning algorithm was used to perform feature extraction, summary classification, and other reconstruction of CT images. A deep learning network model Mask-R-CNN was constructed to enhance the ability of image reconstruction. A total of 118 children hospitalized with acute exacerbation of asthma in the hospital were recruited. After acute exacerbation treatment, 96 children with asthma were screened out for small airway obstruction, which were divided into glucocorticoid aerosol inhalation group (group A, 32 cases), glucocorticoid combined with bronchodilator aerosol inhalation group (group B, 32 cases), and oral hormone therapy group (group C, 32 cases). Asthmatic children with small airway obstruction were screened after acute exacerbation treatment and were rolled into glucocorticoid aerosol inhalation group (group A), glucocorticoid combined with bronchodilators aerosol inhalation group (group B), and oral hormone therapy group (group C). Lung function indicators (maximal mid-expiratory flow (MMEF75 and 25), 50% forced expiratory flow (FEF50), and 75% forced expiratory flow (FEF75)), FeNO level, and airway inflammation indicators (IL-6, IL-35, and eosinophilic (EOS)) were compared before and one month after treatment. The ratio of airway wall thickness to outer diameter (T/D) and the percentage of airway wall area to total airway area (WA%) were measured by e-Health high-resolution CT (HRCT). The constructed network model was used to measure the patient's coronary artery plaque and blood vessel volume, and the image was reconstructed on the Res-Net network. It was found that the MSE value of the Res-Net network was the lowest, and the efficiency was very high during the training process. T/D and WA (%) of asthmatic children with small airway obstruction after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment (P < 0.01). After treatment, MMEF75/25 and FEF75 were significantly higher than those before treatment (P < 0.05). Lung function-related indicator FEF50 was significantly higher than that before treatment (P < 0.01). FeNO level after treatment was remarkably lower than that before treatment (P < 0.01). In addition, lung function-related indicators, airway inflammation indicators, and FeNO level improved the most in group C, followed by group B, and those improvements in group A were the least obvious, with great differences among groups (P < 0.05). In summary, the Res-Net model proposed was of certain feasibility and effectiveness for CT image segmentation and can effectively improve the clinical evaluation of patient CT image information. Glucocorticoids could improve small airway function and airway inflammation in asthmatic children with small airway obstruction, and oral corticosteroids were more effective than aerosol inhalation therapy.
Highlights
Bronchial asthma, referred to as asthma, is a relatively common small airway disease, which is the chronic inflammation of the airway involving a variety of cells such as eosinophils and lymphocytes [1]. e incidence of asthma occurs in all ages, especially in children [2]
In the research of Jiang et al [15], 9 patients with small airway asthma and 20 healthy controls underwent high-resolution CT (HRCT) with e-Health equipment, and the results showed that WA% in patients with small airway asthma was higher than that in healthy controls
FEEF50%, FEF75%, and MMEF75/25 were measured to evaluate the pulmonary function of asthmatic children with small airway obstruction before and after treatment
Summary
Bronchial asthma, referred to as asthma, is a relatively common small airway disease, which is the chronic inflammation of the airway involving a variety of cells such as eosinophils and lymphocytes [1]. e incidence of asthma occurs in all ages, especially in children [2]. E incidence of asthma occurs in all ages, especially in children [2]. Studies have shown that children under the age of 14 suffer the most severe damage from asthma [3]. Journal of Healthcare Engineering of childhood asthma in China is increasing year by year, which poses a serious threat to children’s physical and mental health [4]. Glucocorticoids are the basic drugs for clinical treatment of asthma, which can participate in the multiple processes of airway inflammation, and affect the permeability of capillaries. It has a significant effect on alleviating bronchospasm and preventing pulmonary edema. The lung function is improved, and the onset of asthma is inhibited [5, 6]
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