Abstract
Groundwater in fractured crystalline rocks such as granite andgneiss has a remarkable compositional variability and the crystallinehard rock aquifers show a wide range of hydrogeological properties(Gustavson and Krasny 1993; Stober and Bucher 1999a). With in-creasing depth both the total load of dissolved solids (TDS) and thetemperature of groundwater in the crystalline basement increases.Groundwater gradually changes into a hot saline brine that is bettertermed a crustal deep-fluid. The hydrochemistry of deep-fluid hasbeen recently reviewed by Frape et al. (2004) and their data com-pilation shows that at depths greater than about 500 m almost alldeep waters are essentially binary NaCl-CaCl
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