Abstract
Valorization of lignocellulosic biomass and food residues to obtain valuable chemicals is essential to the establishment of a sustainable and biobased economy in the modern world. The latest and greenest generation of ionic liquids (ILs) are deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs); these have shown great promise for various applications and have attracted considerable attention from researchers who seek versatile solvents with pretreatment, extraction, and catalysis capabilities in biomass- and biowaste-to-bioenergy conversion processes. The present work aimed to review the use of DESs and NADESs in the valorization of biomass and biowaste as pretreatment or extraction solvents or catalysis agents.
Highlights
The growing demand for eco-benign processes has led to the discovery of new green solvents [1].Some ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) can be considered green
They usually consist of large nonsymmetrical ions, most commonly a quaternary ammonium of large nonsymmetrical ions, most commonly a quaternary ammonium cation coupled with a halide cation coupled with a halide anion, which is complexed with a metal salt or a hydrogen bond donor anion, which is complexed with a metal salt or a hydrogen bond donor (HBD)
We reviewed DESs and natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) in state-of-the-art technologies for biomass/biowaste valorization, where DESs and NADESs were used as reaction media, pretreatment or extraction solvents, catalysts, or as multifunctional solvents
Summary
The growing demand for eco-benign processes has led to the discovery of new green solvents [1]. Some ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) can be considered green. Particular interest has been given to food residue and biomass etc.resources, interest has been given to food residue and biomass resources, solve the to particular solve the environmental issues related to waste product management and toto valorize environmental issues related to waste product management and to valorize these resources to produce these resources to produce green fuels and platform chemicals. All these value-added materials are green fuels and platform chemicals. Food and Agriculture Organization 2011 report estimated annual global food of theseAbiochemical processes waste to be approximately tons [55]
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