Abstract
Five deep eutectic solvents (DES) were screened for their effectiveness in improving biosugar yield in Bambara groundnut haulm (BGH) for bioethanol production. Choline chloride-lactic acid (ChCl-LA) treatment provided the most promising result and was further optimised by investigating the effect of temperature and time on cellulose loss and enzymatic sugar yield. ChCl-LA pretreatment at 100 °C for 1 h was observed to be the best condition for hemicellulose (54.5%) and lignin (60.7%) removal along with optimum sugar recovery of 94.8%. The resulting hydrolysate was concentrated and fermented for 72 h with Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4743, and a maximum ethanol concentration of 11.57 g/L was achieved with an ethanol yield of 0.38 g/g sugar and productivity of 0.19 g/L/h. From the results obtained, it is evident that deep eutectic solvents are effective for breaking the recalcitrance in BGH due to their high delignification capacity. Furthermore, a recovery of the amorphous glucose and xylose in the BGH prior to DES pretreatment is vital to prevent sugar loss, thereby improving the biosugar yield for bioethanol production.
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