Abstract
A simple, rapid and eco-friendly deep eutectic solvent-modified magnetic nanoparticles extraction method has been reported for ligand-less separation/preconcentration of lead(II) and cadmium(II) for the first time. The metal ions interact with the deep eutectic solvent adhering to the magnetic nanoparticles. Trapped analytes can be easily desorbed with 1.0 M nitric acid and determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The effects of pH value, type of deep eutectic solvent, sample volume, nature and concentration of desorbing solution, ionic strength and extraction time on the extraction were optimized. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the detection limits (defined as 3Sb/m) were 0.4 and 0.1 μg L−1 and the linear dynamic ranges were 2 to 250 μg L−1 and 0.5 to 30 μg L−1 for lead and cadmium, respectively. The relative standard deviations for six replicate measurements at 150 and 20 μg L−1 levels of lead and cadmium were 1.8 and 2.1 %, respectively. A sample volume of 60 mL resulted in a preconcentration factor of 100. The sorbent showed high capacity for lead (25.0 mg g−1) and cadmium (23.7 mg g−1). The method was successfully applied to the determination of lead and cadmium in soil, hair and several water samples.
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