Deep eutectic solvent-based ultrasound-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction of ibuprofen prior to HPLC-UV determination

Abstract

ABSTRACT In this study, accurate and sensitive determination of ibuprofen in blood, urine, pharmaceutical tablet, syrup, and water samples was accomplished with the combination use of deep eutectic solvent-based ultrasound-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction (DES-UA-LLME) and high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet visible detection system. The most important advantage of this method is that it can be used in the determination of ibuprofen without affecting the matrix environment of a wide range of samples. Ibuprofen in the sample phase was extracted to 500 µL of deep eutectic solvents phase (ChCl:Ph at 1:4 molar ratios) at pH 3.0. The influence of analytical parameters, such as pH of sample solution, the molar ratio of deep eutectic solvents components, tetrahydrofuran volume, and volume of DESs, were optimised in details. The preconcentration factor (PF), the detection limit (DL), intraday, and interday relative standard deviations (RSD, %) for the developed DES-UA-LLME/HPLC procedure were found as 30, 0.4 µg L−1, 1.74%, and 4.68%, respectively. The developed DES-UA-LLME was successfully used for the determination of ibuprofen in urine, blood, pharmaceutical tablet, syrup, and water samples.