Abstract
<p>Domestication and genetic improvement of shrimp are required towards production of superior broodstock. BBPBAP Jepara had performed study on evaluation of genetic diversity of black tiger and white shrimp broodstock and their progenies produced in hatchery, using <em>Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism</em> (RFLP)-mtDNA method. Amplification of black tiger shrimp mtDNA used primers designed based on 16S rDNA sequences, and the products were restricted by <em>Nde</em> II enzyme. While the primers for white shrimp was based on COIL and COIH sequences, and their PCR products were digested with <em>Nla</em> III. The results of study showed that heterogeneity of tiger shrimp derived from Aceh waters was 0.1063, while their F1 progeny was 0.0494. Heterogeneity of male tiger shrimp from Aceh waters and their progeny was 0.2811 and 0.1023, respectively, while of female was 0.1594 and 0.0940, respectively. Heterogeneity of F1 tiger shrimp from Sunda Strait was 0.0405, while their F2 was homozygous. Heterogeneity of F1 male and female tiger shrimp from Sunda Strait was 0.0641 and 0.1567, respectively, while of F2 was homozygous for both male and female. Heterogeneity value of F1 white shrimp from Hawaii was 0.0069, while the F2 was homozygous. Heterogeneity of F1 male and female white shrimp was 0.0099 and 0.0234, respectively, while of their F2 for both male and female were homozygous. Homozygous has been found in F1 of white shrimp broodstock from Florida. Based on the results of study, genetic variation of tiger shrimp and white shrimp broodstock used in hatchery were decrease. Combination of conventional selective breeding approach and molecular technique may be useful to faster to meet the goal of domestication and quality improvement of penaeid species in Indonesia.</p> <p>Keywords: black tiger shrimp, white shrimp, RFLP, heterogeneity, genetic marker.</p> <p> </p> <p>ABSTRAK</p> <p>Dalam rangka penyiapan induk-induk udang yang berkualitas unggul, diperlukan usaha untuk domestikasi dan perbaikan mutu genetik udang. Di BBPBAP Jepara telah dilakukan suatu kajian untuk mengevaluasi keragaman genetik induk udang windu dan udang vaname beserta keturunannya yang dihasilkan dari panti pembenihan dengan metode <em>Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism</em> (RFLP)-mtDNA. Amplifikasi mtDNA udang windu menggunakan primer yang didisain berdasarkan sekuens 16S rDNA, dan produk PCR dipotong menggunakan enzim <em>Nde</em> II. Sementara primer untuk udang vaname dibuat berdasarkan sekuens COIL dan COIH, dan produk PCR dipotong dengan enzim <em>Nla</em> III.<a name="OLE_LINK2"></a><a name="OLE_LINK1"> Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai heterogenitas populasi induk udang windu asal Aceh dari alam sebesar 0,1063 dan turunan F1-nya sebesar 0,0494. Populasi induk windu jantan Aceh dari alam sebesar 0,2811 dan turunan F1-nya sebesar 0,1023; sedangkan populasi induk windu betina Aceh dari alam sebesar 0,1594 dan turunan F1-nya sebesar 0,0940. Nilai heterogenitas populasi induk udang windu asal Selat Sunda turunan F1 sebesar 0,0405 dan turunan F2-nya adalah homozigot. Populasi induk windu jantan Selat Sunda turunan F1 sebesar 0,0641 dan turunan F2-nya adalah homozigot; sedangkan populasi induk windu betina Selat Sunda turunan F1 sebesar 0,1567 dan turunan F2-nya adalah homozigot. Nilai heterogenitas populasi induk udang vaname asal Hawaii turunan F1 sebesar 0,0069 dan turunan F2 adalah homozigot. Populasi induk vaname jantan Hawaii turunan F1 sebesar 0,0099 dan turunan F2-nya adalah homozigot. Populasi induk betina Hawaii turunan F1 sebesar 0,0234 dan turunan F2-nya adalah homozigot. </a>Homozigositas pada induk udang vaname asal Florida telah terlihat pada turunan F1-nya. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan adanya penurunan variasi genetik pada induk udang windu dan udang vaname yang digunakan di panti pembenihan. Kombinasi antara pendekatan selektif breeding konvensional dan aplikasi teknik molekuler mungkin bermanfaat untuk mempercepat tercapainya tujuan domestikasi dan perbaikan kualitas udang penaeid di Indonesia. </p> <p>Kata kunci : Udang windu, udang vaname, RFLP, heterogenitas, marker genetik</p>
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